日前，。記者就該(gai)事故調(diao)(diao)查(cha)中社會關(guan)注(zhu)的(de)熱點問題，采(cai)訪了事故調(diao)(diao)查(cha)組相關(guan)負責人。

  記者：事故調查組是如何組成的？調查的過程是怎樣的？

  答：事故發生后，黨中(zhong)央、國(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)(wu)院(yuan)高度(du)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視。習近平總書(shu)記立即作出重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)指(zhi)示(shi)，充(chong)分體現了總書(shu)記時刻牽(qian)掛人民安危的(de)深厚為民情懷和一以貫之防范化解重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)風險的(de)憂患意識，為我們做好事故調(diao)查指(zhi)明了方向、提供(gong)了遵循。依據有關法(fa)律法(fa)規，經國(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)(wu)院(yuan)批準(zhun)，成(cheng)立了由(you)應急管(guan)理部牽(qian)頭(tou)，住房城鄉建設部、自(zi)然資源部、公安部、教育部、全國(guo)(guo)總工會(hui)和湖南省人民政府參加的(de)國(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)(wu)院(yuan)湖南長沙“4·29”特別重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)居民自(zi)建房倒塌事故調(diao)查組(zu)。同時成(cheng)立專家組(zu)，邀請規劃、設計、工程管(guan)理、法(fa)律、公共安全等方面的(de)權威專家參與(yu)事故調(diao)查。

  事(shi)(shi)(shi)故調查(cha)組本著(zhu)對(dui)(dui)黨和(he)(he)人民(min)負責、對(dui)(dui)社會和(he)(he)歷史負責的(de)(de)(de)態(tai)度，堅(jian)持“科(ke)學(xue)嚴(yan)謹、依(yi)法依(yi)規、實事(shi)(shi)(shi)求(qiu)是、注重實效”的(de)(de)(de)原則，通過(guo)現場勘查(cha)、取樣檢測(ce)、荷載驗算(suan)、模(mo)擬分析(xi)和(he)(he)調閱資(zi)料、詢(xun)問(wen)談(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)話、座(zuo)談(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)交流等進行(xing)調查(cha)取證，調閱文件資(zi)料2800余份(fen)、現場查(cha)勘走(zou)訪20余次(ci)(ci)、問(wen)詢(xun)談(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)話225人次(ci)(ci)，查(cha)明了事(shi)(shi)(shi)故經過(guo)、發生原因、人員傷亡情(qing)況和(he)(he)有(you)關(guan)單(dan)位情(qing)況，查(cha)明了有(you)關(guan)地(di)方(fang)黨委政府(fu)、相關(guan)部門在監管(guan)方(fang)面存在的(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題和(he)(he)相關(guan)人員的(de)(de)(de)責任；同時，事(shi)(shi)(shi)故調查(cha)組通過(guo)明查(cha)暗訪、專家座(zuo)談(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)和(he)(he)調研等方(fang)式(shi)，深入解(jie)剖事(shi)(shi)(shi)故暴露(lu)的(de)(de)(de)突出問(wen)題，提(ti)出主(zhu)要教訓(xun)和(he)(he)整改措(cuo)施(shi)建議。

  、加層擴建和(he)用于出租經營，地方黨(dang)委政(zheng)府及其有(you)關部門組(zu)織開展違法(fa)建筑整治、風(feng)險隱(yin)患(huan)排查治理(li)不(bu)認真不(bu)負責(ze)，有(you)的甚至(zhi)推卸責(ze)任(ren)(ren)、放任(ren)(ren)不(bu)管，造成重(zhong)大安全(quan)隱(yin)患(huan)長期未(wei)得到整治而導(dao)致的特別重(zhong)大生產安全(quan)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)事(shi)故。

  記者：導致事故發生的原因是什么？為何會造成重大人員傷亡？

  答：事(shi)故調查組通過對(dui)事(shi)故現場(chang)進行(xing)勘查、取樣、實測，并委托第三方權威檢(jian)測機構進行(xing)檢(jian)測試驗、倒塌模擬(ni)計(ji)算分析，認定(ding)了事(shi)故的原因。主(zhu)要有以下四個方面的原因：

  一(yi)是(shi)(shi)違(wei)(wei)(wei)法違(wei)(wei)(wei)規(gui)(gui)建(jian)(jian)設的(de)原五層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)房(fang)(fang)(fang)屋質量先(xian)天不(bu)足(zu)。2003年(nian)，房(fang)(fang)(fang)主(zhu)在(zai)(zai)分得的(de)安置(zhi)重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)地上建(jian)(jian)設了(le)一(yi)棟三層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)房(fang)(fang)(fang)屋。隨著(zhu)鄰(lin)近學校消費需求增大(da)，2012年(nian)7月在(zai)(zai)未履行任(ren)何審批手續的(de)情況下，房(fang)(fang)(fang)主(zhu)請建(jian)(jian)筑公司退休工(gong)人(ren)手繪設計圖(tu)、雇傭無資質的(de)流動施(shi)(shi)工(gong)隊(dui)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)，原址拆(chai)除三層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)并(bing)重(zhong)建(jian)(jian)五層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)（局部(bu)六層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)），作為自住和出(chu)租經(jing)營(ying)，所(suo)用混(hun)凝土和砌筑砂漿抗壓強度遠低于國家(jia)標準，建(jian)(jian)筑質量差、結構(gou)不(bu)合理、承(cheng)載能力(li)低。二是(shi)(shi)違(wei)(wei)(wei)法違(wei)(wei)(wei)規(gui)(gui)加(jia)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)擴建(jian)(jian)至(zhi)八(ba)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)后超(chao)出(chu)極限承(cheng)載力(li)。2018年(nian)7月，涉事房(fang)(fang)(fang)主(zhu)再次違(wei)(wei)(wei)法違(wei)(wei)(wei)規(gui)(gui)加(jia)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)擴建(jian)(jian)至(zhi)八(ba)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)（局部(bu)九層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)），加(jia)建(jian)(jian)的(de)三層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)采(cai)用現澆鋼筋混(hun)凝土框架結構(gou)，房(fang)(fang)(fang)屋總荷載比之前(qian)增加(jia)46%，加(jia)劇了(le)“頭重(zhong)腳輕”的(de)狀態。三是(shi)(shi)對(dui)重(zhong)大(da)安全隱患(huan)未有效處理。隨著(zhu)時間推移，自建(jian)(jian)房(fang)(fang)(fang)混(hun)凝土柱等構(gou)件受壓破壞并(bing)持續發(fa)展，2019年(nian)7月、2022年(nian)3月房(fang)(fang)(fang)屋相繼出(chu)現網狀裂(lie)縫、支頂槽鋼變(bian)形等重(zhong)大(da)隱患(huan)，房(fang)(fang)(fang)主(zhu)均未采(cai)取有效處理措施(shi)(shi)，直至(zhi)事故發(fa)生。四(si)是(shi)(shi)未采(cai)取緊急(ji)避險(xian)疏散措施(shi)(shi)。事發(fa)前(qian)2個多小時，在(zai)(zai)出(chu)現明顯倒塌(ta)征兆的(de)情況下，房(fang)(fang)(fang)主(zhu)拒不(bu)聽從勸告，未通知自建(jian)(jian)房(fang)(fang)(fang)內的(de)餐(can)飲(yin)、住宿、私(si)人(ren)影院等場(chang)所(suo)人(ren)員(yuan)緊急(ji)避險(xian)疏散，是(shi)(shi)導致人(ren)員(yuan)傷亡多的(de)重(zhong)要原因。

  此外(wai)，經深入調查，自建房內(nei)裝飾裝修(xiu)活動和電(dian)梯安裝，均對(dui)房屋(wu)倒塌(ta)無影響，還排(pai)除了地(di)基(ji)、人為破(po)壞(huai)、氣象、地(di)震、燃氣泄(xie)漏等導致倒塌(ta)的因素。

  記者：這起事故暴露出地方黨委政府及有關部門存在哪些問題？

  答：這起事故是經(jing)濟社會(hui)發展(zhan)長期積(ji)累矛盾問(wen)題集中暴(bao)露的典型事件，相關問(wen)題在涉事房(fang)屋所(suo)在的一條街、望城區(qu)和長沙市都(dou)比較普遍，且(qie)時(shi)間(jian)跨度(du)長，涉及方面多(duo)。

  經(jing)(jing)過深入調(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)，事(shi)故調(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)組查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)清(qing)(qing)了(le)(le)湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)省(sheng)、長沙市(shi)、望(wang)城(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)及有(you)關(guan)方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)存(cun)在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)問(wen)題。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)治(zhi)理(li)部(bu)署遲緩(huan)簡單(dan)應付(fu)。2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)福(fu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)泉(quan)州“3·7”、山(shan)西襄汾“8·29”兩(liang)起重(zhong)大(da)房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)坍塌(ta)事(shi)故后(hou)，習近平總書記都(dou)作(zuo)(zuo)出(chu)重(zhong)要(yao)批示(shi)(shi)，要(yao)求舉一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)反三(san)抓緊排(pai)(pai)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)此類用房(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)(quan)隱患，針對(dui)發現的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漏洞(dong)及時(shi)(shi)整(zheng)治(zhi)。2020年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)7月(yue)(yue)(yue)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)部(bu)署開(kai)(kai)展為(wei)期一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“兩(liang)違(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)清(qing)(qing)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)”（違(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)法(fa)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)和(he)違(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)法(fa)違(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)規(gui)(gui)(gui)審批專(zhuan)項(xiang)(xiang)清(qing)(qing)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)），湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)省(sheng)9月(yue)(yue)(yue)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)部(bu)署，長沙市(shi)到(dao)2021年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)1月(yue)(yue)(yue)才(cai)組織開(kai)(kai)展，望(wang)城(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)印發通知已是(shi)(shi)2021年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)6月(yue)(yue)(yue)25日，接近6月(yue)(yue)(yue)30日全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)結(jie)束的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)，根本來不(bu)(bu)及開(kai)(kai)展排(pai)(pai)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)，填報嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)失(shi)實的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)數(shu)據以(yi)(yi)應付(fu)上級(ji)(ji)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)。二是(shi)(shi)日常(chang)監管(guan)(guan)(guan)相互推(tui)諉回(hui)避矛盾。有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)分管(guan)(guan)(guan)領導認(ren)(ren)為(wei)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang)(fang)整(zheng)治(zhi)是(shi)(shi)基層的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)事(shi)，工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)部(bu)署后(hou)從未(wei)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)過督促檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)；2019年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)省(sheng)機構改革后(hou)，省(sheng)住(zhu)房(fang)(fang)城(cheng)鄉建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)廳以(yi)(yi)城(cheng)鄉規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)職責移交自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)然資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)廳為(wei)由，在(zai)未(wei)向省(sheng)政府(fu)請(qing)示(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情(qing)況下(xia)，不(bu)(bu)再推(tui)進(jin)違(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)法(fa)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)專(zhuan)項(xiang)(xiang)整(zheng)治(zhi)行(xing)(xing)動；市(shi)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)兩(liang)級(ji)(ji)住(zhu)房(fang)(fang)城(cheng)鄉建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)和(he)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃主管(guan)(guan)(guan)部(bu)門日常(chang)監管(guan)(guan)(guan)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)推(tui)諉扯皮，即便在(zai)事(shi)故發生(sheng)后(hou)，有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)還認(ren)(ren)為(wei)責任不(bu)(bu)在(zai)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)己；望(wang)城(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)在(zai)組織開(kai)(kai)展房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)安(an)全(quan)(quan)隱患大(da)排(pai)(pai)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)大(da)整(zheng)治(zhi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，把任務(wu)層層派給沒有(you)專(zhuan)業力量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)社區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。在(zai)各方(fang)(fang)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推(tui)諉扯皮中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，違(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)法(fa)違(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)規(gui)(gui)(gui)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang)(fang)越(yue)(yue)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)越(yue)(yue)多(duo)、越(yue)(yue)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)越(yue)(yue)高。三(san)是(shi)(shi)排(pai)(pai)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)整(zheng)治(zhi)不(bu)(bu)認(ren)(ren)真、走過場。2016年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)黨中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央、國(guo)(guo)務(wu)院(yuan)就印發了(le)(le)《關(guan)于進(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)步加強(qiang)城(cheng)市(shi)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)若干意見(jian)》，明確“用5年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)左右(you)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)全(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)清(qing)(qing)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)并處理(li)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)違(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)法(fa)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)，堅決遏制(zhi)新增違(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)法(fa)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)”。2012年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)10年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)，湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)省(sheng)、長沙市(shi)、望(wang)城(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)先(xian)后(hou)開(kai)(kai)展了(le)(le)6次(ci)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang)(fang)集(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)整(zheng)治(zhi)，但工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)不(bu)(bu)嚴(yan)(yan)不(bu)(bu)實。2016年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)、2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)在(zai)城(cheng)市(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)成(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)和(he)縣城(cheng)違(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)法(fa)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)兩(liang)次(ci)專(zhuan)項(xiang)(xiang)治(zhi)理(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，望(wang)城(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)均(jun)(jun)未(wei)制(zhi)定實施(shi)(shi)方(fang)(fang)案也未(wei)認(ren)(ren)真開(kai)(kai)展，成(cheng)為(wei)整(zheng)治(zhi)盲區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。涉(she)事(shi)房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)所在(zai)街道歷次(ci)上報的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)問(wen)題均(jun)(jun)為(wei)“零”，區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)、市(shi)、省(sheng)三(san)級(ji)(ji)無一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)認(ren)(ren)真核查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)把關(guan)。四(si)是(shi)(shi)對(dui)違(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)法(fa)違(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)規(gui)(gui)(gui)行(xing)(xing)為(wei)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)處不(bu)(bu)力。長沙市(shi)、望(wang)城(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)住(zhu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)部(bu)門長期以(yi)(yi)來“只(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)合(he)法(fa)、不(bu)(bu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)非(fei)法(fa)”“只(zhi)管(guan)(guan)(guan)報建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、不(bu)(bu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)”，對(dui)大(da)量違(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)法(fa)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang)(fang)未(wei)納入許可監管(guan)(guan)(guan)范圍。望(wang)城(cheng)區(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)城(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)執(zhi)法(fa)隊(dui)伍“控(kong)(kong)違(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)拆違(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)”走過場，金山(shan)橋城(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)隊(dui)先(xian)后(hou)6次(ci)現場檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)涉(she)事(shi)房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)，但均(jun)(jun)未(wei)采取任何(he)有(you)效制(zhi)止措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)，最終(zhong)不(bu)(bu)了(le)(le)了(le)(le)之。該城(cheng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)執(zhi)法(fa)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)隊(dui)長期存(cun)在(zai)應處罰不(bu)(bu)處罰問(wen)題，2018年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)來違(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立案查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)處率僅(jin)為(wei)2.3%。這(zhe)樣(yang)放任不(bu)(bu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)引(yin)發更多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)跟風違(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)法(fa)。五是(shi)(shi)房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)檢(jian)測(ce)機構管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)混亂。湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)湘(xiang)大(da)工(gong)程檢(jian)測(ce)有(you)限(xian)公司(si)在(zai)開(kai)(kai)展房(fang)(fang)屋(wu)安(an)全(quan)(quan)鑒定時(shi)(shi)，工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)僅(jin)靠拍照完成(cheng)所謂的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“現場檢(jian)測(ce)”，并編造“合(he)格”報告(gao)。湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)省(sheng)市(shi)場監管(guan)(guan)(guan)局、住(zhu)房(fang)(fang)城(cheng)鄉建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)廳對(dui)湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)湘(xiang)大(da)工(gong)程檢(jian)測(ce)有(you)限(xian)公司(si)資(zi)(zi)質審核把關(guan)不(bu)(bu)嚴(yan)(yan)，使得這(zhe)樣(yang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)家人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)虛構、資(zi)(zi)格掛證、設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)全(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢(jian)測(ce)機構獲得了(le)(le)資(zi)(zi)質證書，地方(fang)(fang)各級(ji)(ji)住(zhu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、市(shi)場監管(guan)(guan)(guan)部(bu)門事(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)事(shi)后(hou)監管(guan)(guan)(guan)也不(bu)(bu)到(dao)位。經(jing)(jing)調(diao)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)認(ren)(ren)定，湖(hu)(hu)南(nan)湘(xiang)大(da)工(gong)程檢(jian)測(ce)有(you)限(xian)公司(si)成(cheng)立以(yi)(yi)來出(chu)具的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)79份檢(jian)測(ce)鑒定報告(gao)全(quan)(quan)部(bu)造假。六是(shi)(shi)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang)(fang)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)源(yuan)頭失(shi)控(kong)(kong)。面(mian)(mian)對(dui)人(ren)(ren)口密集(ji)、商業需求大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問(wen)題，沒有(you)及時(shi)(shi)統籌建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)配套(tao)公共(gong)服務(wu)設(she)(she)(she)(she)施(shi)(shi)，靠居(ju)民自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)發建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang)(fang)來搞配套(tao)，且沒有(you)依據控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)性(xing)詳細規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃對(dui)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang)(fang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑高度、層數(shu)等進(jin)行(xing)(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)控(kong)(kong)，造成(cheng)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang)(fang)“野蠻生(sheng)長”，許多(duo)自(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang)(fang)內(nei)還存(cun)在(zai)大(da)量餐飲、住(zhu)宿、娛樂等業態復雜、人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)密集(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)場所，嚴(yan)(yan)重(zhong)威脅公共(gong)安(an)全(quan)(quan)。

  記者：如何實事求是、科學精準認定責任？

  答：為實(shi)事(shi)(shi)求是精(jing)準認定責任(ren)(ren)(ren)，事(shi)(shi)故調查(cha)組認真(zhen)學習貫徹習近平總書記重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)指示精(jing)神和《地(di)方(fang)黨(dang)政領(ling)導干部(bu)安全(quan)生(sheng)產責任(ren)(ren)(ren)制規定》相關規定，堅持全(quan)面、歷(li)史(shi)、客觀地(di)看問題，不(bu)(bu)搞“擊鼓(gu)傳花”，不(bu)(bu)能事(shi)(shi)故發(fa)生(sheng)在哪一(yi)任(ren)(ren)(ren)就只(zhi)是哪一(yi)任(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)責任(ren)(ren)(ren)，認真(zhen)梳理(li)事(shi)(shi)故發(fa)展脈(mo)絡(luo)，查(cha)清直接責任(ren)(ren)(ren)、重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)領(ling)導責任(ren)(ren)(ren)。重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點突出(chu)了兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)關鍵環節：一(yi)是在2016年中央文件已經(jing)明(ming)確要(yao)(yao)求“堅決遏(e)制新增(zeng)違(wei)法建(jian)(jian)(jian)設”的(de)情況下(xia)，2018年7月仍然(ran)違(wei)法加(jia)層(ceng)(ceng)擴建(jian)(jian)(jian)。經(jing)專(zhuan)家組分析，2012年重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)原五層(ceng)(ceng)房(fang)(fang)屋雖然(ran)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑質(zhi)量(liang)差、結構不(bu)(bu)合理(li)、承載能力低，但不(bu)(bu)會倒塌，倒塌的(de)最(zui)主要(yao)(yao)原因是2018年7月加(jia)層(ceng)(ceng)擴建(jian)(jian)(jian)造成荷(he)載大幅增(zeng)加(jia)。而且這個(ge)節點前后(hou)涉事(shi)(shi)房(fang)(fang)屋所(suo)在一(yi)條街以及長沙市(shi)、望城區自(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang)(fang)違(wei)法建(jian)(jian)(jian)設和改建(jian)(jian)(jian)問題都比(bi)較突出(chu)。二是2020年福建(jian)(jian)(jian)泉州“3·7”事(shi)(shi)故之(zhi)后(hou)，仍然(ran)沒有(you)認真(zhen)排查(cha)整治(zhi)。“3·7”事(shi)(shi)故后(hou)，習近平總書記對(dui)自(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang)(fang)整治(zhi)作出(chu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)指示，國務(wu)院(yuan)和國務(wu)院(yuan)安委(wei)會、住建(jian)(jian)(jian)部(bu)都專(zhuan)門作出(chu)部(bu)署，但一(yi)些(xie)地(di)方(fang)及其(qi)部(bu)門未認真(zhen)抓(zhua)好落實(shi)，不(bu)(bu)擔當、不(bu)(bu)作為，錯失了整改消(xiao)除隱患、避免事(shi)(shi)故發(fa)生(sheng)的(de)機會。我們抓(zhua)住這兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)節點，重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)點調查(cha)了湖南省、長沙市(shi)、望城區三級(ji)黨(dang)委(wei)政府(fu)及其(qi)自(zi)然(ran)資(zi)源、城管、住建(jian)(jian)(jian)、市(shi)場監管4個(ge)系統的(de)14個(ge)單位，以及涉事(shi)(shi)街道和社區，對(dui)確實(shi)負有(you)責任(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)人(ren)員提(ti)出(chu)追責建(jian)(jian)(jian)議(yi)。

  調查(cha)(cha)(cha)認為(wei)(wei)，湖南省、長(chang)沙(sha)市(shi)、望城區(qu)貫徹落實習(xi)近(jin)平總書記(ji)關(guan)(guan)于防(fang)范化解重(zhong)大風險的重(zhong)要指示精神和黨中(zhong)央、國務(wu)院(yuan)決策部署不(bu)(bu)認真、不(bu)(bu)到位，“人(ren)民至(zhi)上(shang)、生命至(zhi)上(shang)”理念樹得(de)不(bu)(bu)牢，未按中(zhong)央文件要求(qiu)完(wan)成違法(fa)建設治理任(ren)務(wu)，對(dui)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)部門(men)存在(zai)的違規(gui)行為(wei)(wei)、履職不(bu)(bu)力等問(wen)題失察(cha)。相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)部門(men)未認真履行職責，存在(zai)歷次(ci)專(zhuan)項(xiang)整(zheng)治中(zhong)工作不(bu)(bu)力、對(dui)違法(fa)建設查(cha)(cha)(cha)處(chu)“寬松軟”、資質審查(cha)(cha)(cha)把關(guan)(guan)不(bu)(bu)嚴(yan)等突出問(wen)題。涉事(shi)街道和社區(qu)未認真組織(zhi)排查(cha)(cha)(cha)治理，放任(ren)違法(fa)行為(wei)(wei)長(chang)期(qi)存在(zai)。同時(shi)，依據相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)(guan)法(fa)律法(fa)規(gui)，查(cha)(cha)(cha)明了涉事(shi)房主和有關(guan)(guan)企(qi)業等違法(fa)行為(wei)(wei)。

  事故發(fa)生后，司法機關已對(dui)房主和房屋設計、施工人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)，檢測(ce)公(gong)司負責(ze)人(ren)(ren)和技術人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)等(deng)14人(ren)(ren)，依法采取強(qiang)制措(cuo)施。事故調查組按規定將調查過程中發(fa)現的(de)(de)(de)地方黨委(wei)政府及(ji)有關部門的(de)(de)(de)公(gong)職人(ren)(ren)員(yuan)履(lv)職方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)問題和涉嫌腐(fu)敗等(deng)線(xian)索及(ji)相(xiang)關材料，及(ji)時移交中央紀(ji)委(wei)國(guo)家監委(wei)追(zhui)責(ze)問責(ze)審查調查組。

  記者：此次事故暴露出哪些深層次的問題和教訓？

  答：這起事故再(zai)次敲響了警鐘，集中暴(bao)露出安全(quan)生產領域的諸多薄弱環(huan)節和問題短板，這些都(dou)需(xu)要引起高度(du)重(zhong)視，深刻汲取(qu)教訓、盡(jin)快(kuai)查缺補漏。

  一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)(xue)習領(ling)(ling)(ling)會(hui)(hui)習近平總書記關于防(fang)(fang)范化(hua)解重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)論(lun)述不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)認(ren)真不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)深(shen)刻，風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)意識(shi)薄弱。面(mian)(mian)對(dui)(dui)(dui)自建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang)(fang)(fang)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)城鎮化(hua)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)突出(chu)問(wen)題(ti)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)(xie)領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)干(gan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)滿大(da)街(jie)的(de)(de)自建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang)(fang)(fang)違(wei)(wei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)、違(wei)(wei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)加(jia)層(ceng)(ceng)、違(wei)(wei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)經營(ying)帶來(lai)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)看不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)見(jian)、抓(zhua)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)住(zhu)，任(ren)(ren)(ren)由風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)越積(ji)越大(da)、越積(ji)越多(duo)，最終(zhong)釀成(cheng)慘(can)痛事(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)。沒(mei)有(you)結合實(shi)際認(ren)真研究(jiu)(jiu)和(he)排查(cha)身邊的(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)把(ba)(ba)別人(ren)(ren)(ren)的(de)(de)教訓(xun)當教訓(xun)，錯失(shi)(shi)了化(hua)解風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)、避免(mian)事(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)會(hui)(hui)。汲(ji)(ji)取(qu)這(zhe)(zhe)起(qi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)的(de)(de)教訓(xun)，首(shou)先要(yao)(yao)從(cong)(cong)思(si)想(xiang)上(shang)自我革(ge)命(ming)，切實(shi)增強(qiang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)意識(shi)、底(di)線(xian)思(si)維(wei)，真正從(cong)(cong)思(si)想(xiang)上(shang)始(shi)終(zhong)繃緊(jin)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)這(zhe)(zhe)根弦，切實(shi)把(ba)(ba)確保(bao)(bao)人(ren)(ren)(ren)民生(sheng)(sheng)命(ming)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)放(fang)(fang)在第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)位落(luo)到(dao)實(shi)處(chu)。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)落(luo)實(shi)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)緊(jin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)實(shi)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)擔當不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)作為(wei)。自建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang)(fang)(fang)違(wei)(wei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)涉及(ji)(ji)多(duo)個(ge)環(huan)節、多(duo)個(ge)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)單(dan)位，有(you)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)關口把(ba)(ba)住(zhu)就能(neng)夠切斷事(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)鏈，但在這(zhe)(zhe)起(qi)事(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)中(zhong)(zhong)，各有(you)關方(fang)面(mian)(mian)層(ceng)(ceng)層(ceng)(ceng)失(shi)(shi)守(shou)、監(jian)(jian)管(guan)失(shi)(shi)控(kong)。究(jiu)(jiu)其(qi)(qi)原因(yin)，關鍵在于沒(mei)有(you)壓緊(jin)壓實(shi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)。首(shou)先是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)細(xi)化(hua)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)具(ju)體，導(dao)致(zhi)自建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang)(fang)(fang)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)上(shang)下(xia)左右推責(ze)；其(qi)(qi)次(ci)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)督導(dao)檢(jian)查(cha)走過場，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)(xie)領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)干(gan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)下(xia)沉一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)線(xian)檢(jian)查(cha)抓(zhua)落(luo)實(shi)，只重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)署(shu)、不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)實(shi)效(xiao)；其(qi)(qi)三(san)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)考核評估不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)精準(zhun)，沒(mei)有(you)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立相應(ying)的(de)(de)考評機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)，以致(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)(xie)領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)干(gan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)沒(mei)有(you)真正上(shang)肩(jian)。以這(zhe)(zhe)次(ci)事(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)為(wei)警示，就要(yao)(yao)著力(li)(li)解決一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)(xie)領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)干(gan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)在防(fang)(fang)控(kong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)清不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)實(shi)問(wen)題(ti)，從(cong)(cong)嚴從(cong)(cong)實(shi)落(luo)實(shi)全(quan)(quan)(quan)鏈條安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)。三(san)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)理(li)(li)(li)念(nian)(nian)存(cun)在偏差，政績(ji)觀錯位。習近平總書記反復強(qiang)調要(yao)(yao)完(wan)整、準(zhun)確、全(quan)(quan)(quan)面(mian)(mian)貫徹新發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)理(li)(li)(li)念(nian)(nian)，統籌發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和(he)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)(xie)領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)干(gan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)對(dui)(dui)(dui)此(ci)認(ren)識(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)深(shen)刻，將發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和(he)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)割裂(lie)開來(lai)，只重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)經濟發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)(de)“顯績(ji)”，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)防(fang)(fang)范化(hua)解風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)“潛(qian)績(ji)”，城市管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)沒(mei)有(you)跟上(shang)，放(fang)(fang)任(ren)(ren)(ren)自建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang)(fang)(fang)無序發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，放(fang)(fang)大(da)公(gong)共(gong)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)。城市發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)必須(xu)始(shi)終(zhong)堅(jian)(jian)持(chi)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)、依(yi)(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)、科學(xue)(xue)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)(xie)年自建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang)(fang)(fang)粗放(fang)(fang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，已形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)大(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)，反映了一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)(xie)領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)干(gan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)理(li)(li)(li)念(nian)(nian)和(he)政績(ji)觀存(cun)在偏差，沒(mei)有(you)堅(jian)(jian)持(chi)以人(ren)(ren)(ren)民為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)思(si)想(xiang)，沒(mei)有(you)切實(shi)擔起(qi)“促一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，保(bao)(bao)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)方(fang)平安(an)(an)(an)”的(de)(de)政治(zhi)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)。四是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)立法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)滯后執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)嚴，行業(ye)(ye)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)監(jian)(jian)管(guan)寬(kuan)松軟。造成(cheng)自建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang)(fang)(fang)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)擴大(da)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)原因(yin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相關領(ling)(ling)(ling)域法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)彰。具(ju)體來(lai)說(shuo)，既(ji)有(you)“無法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)可(ke)(ke)依(yi)(yi)”的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)，涉及(ji)(ji)房(fang)(fang)(fang)屋(wu)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)條款(kuan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)適應(ying)這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)(xie)(xie)年經濟社會(hui)(hui)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，部(bu)(bu)(bu)分地(di)區(qu)也缺乏可(ke)(ke)操作的(de)(de)地(di)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規(gui)；也有(you)有(you)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)依(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)(xie)涉及(ji)(ji)規(gui)劃、房(fang)(fang)(fang)屋(wu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)和(he)使用(yong)的(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規(gui)條款(kuan)沒(mei)有(you)嚴格(ge)執(zhi)行。既(ji)有(you)執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)嚴的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)違(wei)(wei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)加(jia)層(ceng)(ceng)擴建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)多(duo)次(ci)執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)均沒(mei)有(you)采(cai)取(qu)制(zhi)止措施；也有(you)違(wei)(wei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)究(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)，放(fang)(fang)任(ren)(ren)(ren)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)管(guan)引發(fa)(fa)更多(duo)的(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)跟風(feng)(feng)(feng)違(wei)(wei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，形(xing)(xing)成(cheng)“破窗效(xiao)應(ying)”。解決自建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang)(fang)(fang)領(ling)(ling)(ling)域安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)問(wen)題(ti)，要(yao)(yao)加(jia)快補(bu)上(shang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)這(zhe)(zhe)塊(kuai)短板，堅(jian)(jian)持(chi)有(you)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)可(ke)(ke)依(yi)(yi)、有(you)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)必依(yi)(yi)、執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)必嚴、違(wei)(wei)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)必究(jiu)(jiu)，堅(jian)(jian)持(chi)依(yi)(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)行政、嚴格(ge)執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)，為(wei)防(fang)(fang)控(kong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)提供有(you)力(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)保(bao)(bao)障。五是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)能(neng)力(li)(li)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠，基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)面(mian)(mian)臨(lin)困(kun)境。這(zhe)(zhe)次(ci)事(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)暴露出(chu)基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險(xian)(xian)(xian)防(fang)(fang)控(kong)能(neng)力(li)(li)薄弱的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)突出(chu)，面(mian)(mian)臨(lin)權(quan)(quan)責(ze)失(shi)(shi)衡、人(ren)(ren)(ren)少事(shi)(shi)(shi)多(duo)、財力(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)足等(deng)多(duo)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)困(kun)擾(rao)。地(di)方(fang)黨(dang)委政府對(dui)(dui)(dui)基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)權(quan)(quan)責(ze)事(shi)(shi)(shi)項統籌不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)夠，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)些(xie)(xie)(xie)部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)把(ba)(ba)本應(ying)由自己承擔的(de)(de)事(shi)(shi)(shi)權(quan)(quan)簡單(dan)下(xia)放(fang)(fang)給基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)，上(shang)面(mian)(mian)“甩包袱”推責(ze)，下(xia)面(mian)(mian)力(li)(li)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)從(cong)(cong)心(xin)、敷(fu)衍(yan)應(ying)付(fu)。從(cong)(cong)中(zhong)(zhong)汲(ji)(ji)取(qu)教訓(xun)，就要(yao)(yao)更加(jia)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)能(neng)力(li)(li)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)，完(wan)善基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)，夯(hang)實(shi)基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)安(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)基(ji)礎(chu)。有(you)關部(bu)(bu)(bu)門(men)(men)要(yao)(yao)擔當履責(ze)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)以“放(fang)(fang)權(quan)(quan)賦能(neng)”為(wei)名把(ba)(ba)責(ze)任(ren)(ren)(ren)層(ceng)(ceng)層(ceng)(ceng)推卸(xie)給不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)具(ju)備專業(ye)(ye)能(neng)力(li)(li)的(de)(de)鄉鎮街(jie)道和(he)社區(qu)。領(ling)(ling)(ling)導(dao)干(gan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)主動深(shen)入(ru)基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)及(ji)(ji)時發(fa)(fa)現(xian)問(wen)題(ti)、幫助解決問(wen)題(ti)，推動基(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)治(zhi)理(li)(li)(li)實(shi)現(xian)良性循環(huan)。

  記者：對進一步加強安全防范工作，防止此類事故再次發生，有哪些改進措施建議？

  答：每(mei)一起(qi)事故(gu)(gu)都是(shi)改進工(gong)作的寶貴財富(fu)。為舉一反三(san)，警鐘(zhong)長鳴，從事故(gu)(gu)中汲取教訓，深入推(tui)進安全防范工(gong)作，堅(jian)決防止類似事故(gu)(gu)再(zai)次發生(sheng)，事故(gu)(gu)調查(cha)組(zu)提出五項改進措施建議：

  一是(shi)切實(shi)(shi)增(zeng)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)各級領導干部(bu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險意識(shi)和(he)(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)能(neng)力(li)。地(di)方各級黨委和(he)(he)(he)政府(fu)及其有(you)關(guan)部(bu)門組織專題(ti)(ti)學(xue)習(xi)(xi)《習(xi)(xi)近(jin)平(ping)關(guan)于防(fang)(fang)范風(feng)(feng)(feng)險挑戰(zhan)、應對(dui)突發(fa)(fa)事件論述(shu)摘編》、《總體(ti)國家安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)觀(guan)學(xue)習(xi)(xi)綱要(yao)》，認真學(xue)習(xi)(xi)貫徹落(luo)(luo)實(shi)(shi)習(xi)(xi)近(jin)平(ping)總書記(ji)關(guan)于安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)生產、城(cheng)市安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)等重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)論述(shu)，堅持底線思維、極(ji)限思維，提(ti)(ti)高統籌發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和(he)(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)意識(shi)和(he)(he)(he)能(neng)力(li)。開展(zhan)(zhan)統籌發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)和(he)(he)(he)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)專題(ti)(ti)干部(bu)輪訓，牢固樹立(li)(li)正確政績觀(guan)，真正把安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)理(li)(li)念貫穿到經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)社會發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)各領域(yu)和(he)(he)(he)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)過程。二是(shi)突出(chu)防(fang)(fang)控(kong)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)性(xing)自(zi)(zi)(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang)(fang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險。按照國務院部(bu)署的(de)(de)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)國自(zi)(zi)(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang)(fang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)專項整(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)作要(yao)求，把城(cheng)鄉(xiang)接(jie)合(he)部(bu)、城(cheng)中(zhong)村(cun)、安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)置(zhi)區(qu)(qu)和(he)(he)(he)學(xue)校、醫院、景區(qu)(qu)、工(gong)(gong)業(ye)(ye)園區(qu)(qu)周邊等涉及公共安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)性(xing)自(zi)(zi)(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang)(fang)納(na)入(ru)(ru)監(jian)管重(zhong)(zhong)點，根據風(feng)(feng)(feng)險程度分類施治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。對(dui)違(wei)法(fa)(fa)改建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、加(jia)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)擴(kuo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)等造成重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)隱患拒(ju)不(bu)改正的(de)(de)，加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)行(xing)刑(xing)銜接(jie)，依法(fa)(fa)嚴加(jia)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)。嚴格(ge)(ge)自(zi)(zi)(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang)(fang)用于經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)審批監(jian)管，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)性(xing)自(zi)(zi)(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang)(fang)信息公示制(zhi)度，集(ji)中(zhong)力(li)量(liang)扎實(shi)(shi)開展(zhan)(zhan)自(zi)(zi)(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang)(fang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)專項整(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)作，對(dui)工(gong)(gong)作不(bu)落(luo)(luo)實(shi)(shi)、執行(xing)效(xiao)果不(bu)好(hao)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)新補課，務求取(qu)得(de)實(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi)在(zai)在(zai)的(de)(de)成效(xiao)。三是(shi)標本兼(jian)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)城(cheng)鄉(xiang)自(zi)(zi)(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang)(fang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管理(li)(li)。補齊制(zhi)度短板，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)健(jian)(jian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)相關(guan)法(fa)(fa)律法(fa)(fa)規(gui)(gui)(gui)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)自(zi)(zi)(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang)(fang)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)管理(li)(li)、設(she)(she)(she)(she)計施工(gong)(gong)服務、用作經(jing)(jing)營(ying)(ying)場所管理(li)(li)等制(zhi)度辦法(fa)(fa)，制(zhi)定自(zi)(zi)(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang)(fang)重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)隱患判定標準、技術指南等，結(jie)合(he)實(shi)(shi)際研究(jiu)完(wan)善(shan)(shan)自(zi)(zi)(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang)(fang)規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)和(he)(he)(he)使用安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管理(li)(li)規(gui)(gui)(gui)定。完(wan)善(shan)(shan)日常監(jian)管，住(zhu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)部(bu)門牽頭負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)城(cheng)鄉(xiang)自(zi)(zi)(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang)(fang)行(xing)業(ye)(ye)和(he)(he)(he)質量(liang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)監(jian)管，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)健(jian)(jian)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)多部(bu)門協調聯(lian)動(dong)和(he)(he)(he)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)周期監(jian)管機(ji)制(zhi)，推動(dong)房(fang)(fang)屋安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)隱患常態化排(pai)查(cha)化解，嚴格(ge)(ge)落(luo)(luo)實(shi)(shi)定期安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)檢查(cha)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)任，保障自(zi)(zi)(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang)(fang)質量(liang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)。強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化源(yuan)頭治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)，進(jin)一步完(wan)善(shan)(shan)城(cheng)市控(kong)制(zhi)性(xing)詳細規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃，強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)化剛性(xing)約(yue)束和(he)(he)(he)引領，防(fang)(fang)止自(zi)(zi)(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang)(fang)無序發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，嚴控(kong)增(zeng)量(liang)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險。四是(shi)壓緊壓實(shi)(shi)各級領導干部(bu)防(fang)(fang)范化解重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)任。嚴格(ge)(ge)落(luo)(luo)實(shi)(shi)地(di)方黨委和(he)(he)(he)政府(fu)屬地(di)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)任，細化落(luo)(luo)實(shi)(shi)各級黨政主要(yao)負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)人、分管負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)人和(he)(he)(he)有(you)關(guan)領導的(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang)(fang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管理(li)(li)職(zhi)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)，擰緊自(zi)(zi)(zi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)房(fang)(fang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)管理(li)(li)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)任鏈條。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)城(cheng)市規(gui)(gui)(gui)劃和(he)(he)(he)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)任終身(shen)追究(jiu)制(zhi)，研究(jiu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)與防(fang)(fang)范化解重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)險要(yao)求相適(shi)應的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)作機(ji)制(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)考評體(ti)系，加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)履(lv)職(zhi)情況監(jian)督，對(dui)不(bu)認真不(bu)負(fu)責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)的(de)(de)，依規(gui)(gui)(gui)依紀依法(fa)(fa)嚴肅(su)追責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)問責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)。五是(shi)大(da)力(li)提(ti)(ti)高基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)能(neng)力(li)。把基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)作為(wei)加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)體(ti)系和(he)(he)(he)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)能(neng)力(li)現代(dai)化建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)的(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)內容，從加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)黨的(de)(de)領導、建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)組織體(ti)系、明確權責(ze)(ze)(ze)(ze)清(qing)單、優化人力(li)資源(yuan)配(pei)置(zhi)、加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)財力(li)保障等方面全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)面提(ti)(ti)升基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)(li)能(neng)力(li)。加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)履(lv)職(zhi)的(de)(de)專業(ye)(ye)指導，創新基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)人事激勵機(ji)制(zhi)，推動(dong)將(jiang)專職(zhi)網(wang)格(ge)(ge)員納(na)入(ru)(ru)社區(qu)(qu)工(gong)(gong)作者管理(li)(li)并加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)培(pei)(pei)訓，完(wan)善(shan)(shan)培(pei)(pei)訓考核體(ti)系，加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)工(gong)(gong)匠(jiang)隊伍建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)。有(you)針對(dui)性(xing)地(di)加(jia)強(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)(qiang)面向基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)宣傳教育，提(ti)(ti)高基(ji)(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)群眾風(feng)(feng)(feng)險辨識(shi)和(he)(he)(he)應急避險能(neng)力(li)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)立(li)(li)群眾舉報獎勵機(ji)制(zhi)，發(fa)(fa)動(dong)群眾舉報違(wei)法(fa)(fa)違(wei)規(gui)(gui)(gui)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)(she)(she)(she)和(he)(he)(he)擴(kuo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)行(xing)為(wei)。