建設美麗中國是全面建設社會主義現代化國家的重要目標。今年1月發布的《中共中央國務院關于全面推進美麗中國建設的意見》指出，全面推進美麗中國建設，必須加快發展方式綠色轉型，強調“嚴格管控城鎮開發邊界，推動城鎮空間內涵式集約化綠色發展”。新型城鎮化是現代化的必由之路，建設人與自然和諧共生的現代化，必須深入貫徹習近平生態文明思想，打好法治、市場、科技、政策“組合拳”，按照“生產空間集約高效、生活空間宜居適度、生態空間山清水秀”發展要求，統籌生產、生活、生態三大布局，推動城鎮空間內涵式集約化綠色發展，以高品質生態環境支撐高質量發展。

  1.強化法治保障，完善城鎮空間發展規劃

   以(yi)法治保障城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空間(jian)綠色發(fa)展(zhan)。必(bi)須完善自然資源資產管(guan)理(li)制度(du)體系，健(jian)全國土空間(jian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)途管(guan)制制度(du)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空間(jian)結(jie)構(gou)直接關(guan)系新型城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化的發(fa)展(zhan)質量，推動(dong)(dong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)空間(jian)內涵式集(ji)約化綠色發(fa)展(zhan)，應把空間(jian)結(jie)構(gou)調(diao)(diao)整擺在(zai)重要(yao)位置，樹(shu)立“精明增長”“緊湊城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市”理(li)念，堅持集(ji)約發(fa)展(zhan)，加(jia)強(qiang)相關(guan)法規(gui)、標準和制度(du)建(jian)(jian)設(she)，提高(gao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)建(jian)(jian)設(she)用(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)效率，推動(dong)(dong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市發(fa)展(zhan)由外延擴張(zhang)向內涵提升轉(zhuan)變。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)開(kai)發(fa)邊界是集(ji)中進行城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)開(kai)發(fa)建(jian)(jian)設(she)、完善城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)功能、提升空間(jian)品質的區域邊界，是調(diao)(diao)整經濟結(jie)構(gou)、規(gui)劃產業發(fa)展(zhan)、推進新型城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)化不可逾越(yue)的紅線。必(bi)須依法嚴格(ge)落(luo)實(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)開(kai)發(fa)邊界的相關(guan)要(yao)求(qiu)，統(tong)籌做好城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)建(jian)(jian)設(she)用(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)安排，嚴控新增建(jian)(jian)設(she)用(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)，嚴格(ge)規(gui)范城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)開(kai)發(fa)邊界的全周期管(guan)理(li)，加(jia)大(da)存量用(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)盤活力度(du)，促(cu)進城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)高(gao)質量發(fa)展(zhan)。

   以法(fa)(fa)治(zhi)保障城鎮(zhen)(zhen)居(ju)民(min)綠色生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活。城市發展應把握好生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)內在聯系(xi)，實現(xian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)集約高效(xiao)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)宜居(ju)適度(du)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)山清水秀。人多(duo)地(di)(di)少(shao)是我國基本國情，推(tui)進新型城鎮(zhen)(zhen)化過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，在使用(yong)土地(di)(di)資源時(shi)必(bi)須統籌考(kao)慮人口資源環(huan)境(jing)承載能(neng)力(li)，處理(li)好城鎮(zhen)(zhen)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態的(de)關系(xi)，通過(guo)加強(qiang)立(li)法(fa)(fa)優化城鎮(zhen)(zhen)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)布局，增強(qiang)城市宜居(ju)性。科學規(gui)劃(hua)城鎮(zhen)(zhen)建設用(yong)地(di)(di)中(zhong)工業用(yong)地(di)(di)和(he)居(ju)住用(yong)地(di)(di)比(bi)例，建立(li)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)規(gui)劃(hua)體(ti)系(xi)。編制(zhi)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)規(gui)劃(hua)和(he)城鎮(zhen)(zhen)規(gui)劃(hua)應多(duo)聽取(qu)群眾意見、尊重專(zhuan)家意見，規(gui)劃(hua)形成后必(bi)須通過(guo)立(li)法(fa)(fa)形式確定(ding)下來。加強(qiang)《中(zhong)華人民(min)共(gong)和(he)國環(huan)境(jing)保護法(fa)(fa)》《中(zhong)華人民(min)共(gong)和(he)國固體(ti)廢物污(wu)染環(huan)境(jing)防治(zhi)法(fa)(fa)》等法(fa)(fa)律法(fa)(fa)規(gui)的(de)普及力(li)度(du)，引導市民(min)群眾自覺抵制(zhi)污(wu)染環(huan)境(jing)、破壞(huai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態的(de)行為，共(gong)創(chuang)綠色生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活。

   以法(fa)(fa)(fa)治保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)。城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)是(shi)現代(dai)化的(de)(de)重要載(zai)體，也是(shi)人口最密(mi)集(ji)、污染(ran)排(pai)放(fang)最集(ji)中(zhong)的(de)(de)地方(fang)。新型城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)化不僅追(zhui)求(qiu)經(jing)濟目標(biao)，而且追(zhui)求(qiu)生(sheng)態(tai)目標(biao)，強調人與(yu)自(zi)然和諧共(gong)生(sheng)。必須堅持(chi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)治思(si)維，把保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)擺(bai)在(zai)更加突出位置，統(tong)籌(chou)山(shan)水林田(tian)湖(hu)草沙一體化保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護和系統(tong)治理，形成(cheng)人與(yu)自(zi)然和諧共(gong)生(sheng)的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)生(sheng)態(tai)空(kong)間(jian)。實施(shi)最嚴格的(de)(de)地上(shang)地下、陸海(hai)統(tong)籌(chou)、區(qu)域聯動的(de)(de)生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護制度，推進(jin)國土空(kong)間(jian)規劃(hua)法(fa)(fa)(fa)等立(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)工作，在(zai)空(kong)間(jian)上(shang)對經(jing)濟社會活動進(jin)行合理限定。依法(fa)(fa)(fa)控制城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)開發強度，劃(hua)定水體保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護線、綠地系統(tong)線、基(ji)礎設(she)施(shi)建設(she)控制線、歷史(shi)文化保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護線、永久基(ji)本(ben)農田(tian)和生(sheng)態(tai)保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護紅(hong)線，推動城(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)緊湊發展和節約集(ji)約用地，形成(cheng)綠色低(di)碳的(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)活方(fang)式(shi)和城(cheng)(cheng)市建設(she)運營模(mo)式(shi)。深入實施(shi)主體功能區(qu)戰略，強化執法(fa)(fa)(fa)監管(guan)和保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)護修復，確保(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)功能不降低(di)、性質不改(gai)變。

  2.發揮市場作用，釋放城鎮空間發展新活力

   加(jia)快建設(she)(she)全(quan)國統一(yi)大(da)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)，促進城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)空間集(ji)約(yue)(yue)化(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。我國正在加(jia)快建設(she)(she)全(quan)國統一(yi)大(da)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)，這是進一(yi)步推動(dong)(dong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)高(gao)質量發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)的重要(yao)歷史機遇。加(jia)快建設(she)(she)全(quan)國統一(yi)大(da)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)，可以優先開(kai)展(zhan)(zhan)區(qu)域市(shi)場(chang)(chang)一(yi)體化(hua)建設(she)(she)工作，科學規(gui)劃(hua)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)空間布局，實現內涵(han)集(ji)約(yue)(yue)、高(gao)效綠色發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。增強(qiang)中心城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)輻(fu)射(she)帶(dai)動(dong)(dong)力，加(jia)強(qiang)創(chuang)新合(he)作機制建設(she)(she)，破(po)除行政壁壘和(he)市(shi)場(chang)(chang)分割(ge)，破(po)解產(chan)(chan)(chan)業發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)資源環境約(yue)(yue)束，促進生產(chan)(chan)(chan)要(yao)素(su)自由流動(dong)(dong)和(he)優化(hua)配置，推動(dong)(dong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)間產(chan)(chan)(chan)業分工、產(chan)(chan)(chan)業整合(he)、園區(qu)共建，通過各類(lei)要(yao)素(su)合(he)理流動(dong)(dong)和(he)高(gao)效集(ji)聚，推動(dong)(dong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮(zhen)空間內涵(han)式(shi)集(ji)約(yue)(yue)化(hua)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)。

   構建高水平社會(hui)主義市場經濟體制，促進城鎮空間(jian)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。完(wan)(wan)善(shan)支持(chi)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)財(cai)稅(shui)、金(jin)融、投(tou)資(zi)(zi)、價格政(zheng)策(ce)和環(huan)(huan)境(jing)標準體系(xi)，形成市場化(hua)、可持(chi)續的(de)投(tou)入機(ji)制和運營機(ji)制，推進生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)導向(xiang)的(de)城鎮開發(fa)(fa)(fa)模(mo)式和投(tou)融資(zi)(zi)模(mo)式創新，確保(bao)生(sheng)(sheng)態文明建設(she)(she)領域(yu)財(cai)政(zheng)投(tou)入規模(mo)同建設(she)(she)任務相(xiang)匹配。完(wan)(wan)善(shan)政(zheng)府有力(li)主導、企業積極(ji)參(can)與、市場有效調節(jie)的(de)體制機(ji)制，更好激發(fa)(fa)(fa)全(quan)社會(hui)參(can)與綠(lv)(lv)色(se)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)的(de)積極(ji)性。健全(quan)資(zi)(zi)源環(huan)(huan)境(jing)要素市場化(hua)配置體系(xi)，提升包(bao)括資(zi)(zi)源環(huan)(huan)境(jing)要素在內(nei)的(de)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)全(quan)要素生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)率(lv)，引導各類資(zi)(zi)源要素向(xiang)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)低碳發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)集(ji)聚。探索生(sheng)(sheng)態產(chan)品價值(zhi)實現(xian)路徑，鼓勵支持(chi)社會(hui)資(zi)(zi)本參(can)與生(sheng)(sheng)態保(bao)護(hu)修復，大力(li)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)綠(lv)(lv)色(se)金(jin)融，促進城鎮經濟社會(hui)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展(zhan)和生(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)護(hu)的(de)協調統一。

   促(cu)進大(da)中小(xiao)(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)和(he)(he)小(xiao)(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮協調發(fa)展(zhan)。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)群是人(ren)(ren)口(kou)大(da)國城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮化(hua)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)載體(ti)，是承(cheng)(cheng)載發(fa)展(zhan)要(yao)素、提(ti)高(gao)發(fa)展(zhan)質(zhi)量(liang)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)空(kong)間(jian)(jian)形式。產業和(he)(he)人(ren)(ren)口(kou)向優勢區(qu)域集(ji)中是客觀經(jing)濟規(gui)律，但城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)單體(ti)規(gui)模不能(neng)無(wu)限擴張，應注重(zhong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮空(kong)間(jian)(jian)布局(ju)、產業結(jie)(jie)構調整與(yu)資(zi)源環(huan)境承(cheng)(cheng)載能(neng)力(li)(li)相適應，完(wan)善(shan)以中心城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)為核心、周邊(bian)中小(xiao)(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)為支撐的(de)(de)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)群結(jie)(jie)構，解(jie)決中心城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)區(qu)人(ren)(ren)口(kou)和(he)(he)功(gong)能(neng)過(guo)密問題。充分發(fa)揮市(shi)場(chang)(chang)在(zai)資(zi)源配置(zhi)中的(de)(de)決定性作(zuo)用，更好(hao)發(fa)揮政府作(zuo)用，引(yin)導社(she)會(hui)力(li)(li)量(liang)參與(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)建設、經(jing)營(ying)、管理(li)。充分運(yun)用市(shi)場(chang)(chang)手段補齊軟(ruan)硬基礎(chu)設施短(duan)板，以完(wan)善(shan)基礎(chu)設施網絡(luo)為抓(zhua)手，提(ti)高(gao)中小(xiao)(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)公(gong)(gong)共服務水(shui)平，增強中小(xiao)(xiao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)對人(ren)(ren)口(kou)轉移的(de)(de)吸引(yin)力(li)(li)和(he)(he)承(cheng)(cheng)載力(li)(li)。放(fang)寬市(shi)場(chang)(chang)準(zhun)入，鼓勵社(she)會(hui)資(zi)本參與(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)公(gong)(gong)用設施投資(zi)運(yun)營(ying)，確保各類市(shi)場(chang)(chang)主(zhu)體(ti)有(you)序參與(yu)、公(gong)(gong)平競(jing)爭，促(cu)進人(ren)(ren)口(kou)經(jing)濟資(zi)源環(huan)境相協調。

  3.加快科技創新，激活城鎮空間發展新動能

   科(ke)技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新是城鎮(zhen)(zhen)空間綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)發展(zhan)的核心(xin)動力(li)。城市(shi)是經(jing)濟(ji)發展(zhan)的核心(xin)區域，應(ying)堅持走(zou)內涵(han)式、集約型(xing)、綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)化(hua)的高質(zhi)量發展(zhan)路子，把(ba)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)創(chuang)新作為調整產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)結(jie)構(gou)、促進經(jing)濟(ji)社會綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)低碳轉型(xing)的動力(li)和(he)(he)(he)保(bao)障(zhang)，大(da)幅提高經(jing)濟(ji)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)化(hua)程度(du)，推動經(jing)濟(ji)發展(zhan)實(shi)現(xian)質(zhi)的有效提升和(he)(he)(he)量的合(he)理增長。推進產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)數字化(hua)智能(neng)化(hua)同綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)化(hua)的深(shen)度(du)融合(he)，以(yi)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品、綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)工(gong)(gong)廠(chang)、綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)工(gong)(gong)業(ye)園區和(he)(he)(he)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)供(gong)應(ying)鏈管理為紐帶，大(da)力(li)發展(zhan)戰略(lve)性新興(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)、高技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)、綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)環保(bao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)、現(xian)代服務業(ye)。構(gou)建市(shi)場導向的綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)創(chuang)新體系，帶動綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)推廣應(ying)用、產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)鏈供(gong)應(ying)鏈協同轉型(xing)，推動節能(neng)環保(bao)、新能(neng)源和(he)(he)(he)再(zai)生利用等綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)(shu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)化(hua)，加快傳統產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)轉型(xing)升級，提升城鎮(zhen)(zhen)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)色(se)(se)(se)(se)發展(zhan)水平。

   科(ke)技創(chuang)新是城(cheng)(cheng)鎮綠(lv)色(se)生(sheng)活(huo)的重要(yao)(yao)(yao)保障。我國正處(chu)在以降碳(tan)(tan)為重點戰(zhan)略方(fang)向、推(tui)(tui)動減污降碳(tan)(tan)協同增(zeng)效、促進(jin)經濟(ji)社會發展全面綠(lv)色(se)轉(zhuan)型(xing)、實現生(sheng)態(tai)環境質(zhi)量改善(shan)由量變到質(zhi)變的關鍵時期。必(bi)須堅持(chi)綠(lv)色(se)循環低碳(tan)(tan)的理(li)念，統(tong)籌城(cheng)(cheng)鎮布局(ju)的經濟(ji)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)、生(sheng)活(huo)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)、生(sheng)態(tai)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)，合理(li)規(gui)劃(hua)城(cheng)(cheng)鎮交通(tong)、能(neng)源、供(gong)(gong)排水、供(gong)(gong)熱、污水、垃(la)圾(ji)處(chu)理(li)等(deng)(deng)基(ji)礎設施(shi)。優(you)化創(chuang)新創(chuang)業生(sheng)態(tai)鏈(lian)，促進(jin)基(ji)礎設施(shi)互聯(lian)互通(tong)，結(jie)合環境整治、存(cun)量土(tu)地再(zai)開(kai)發，增(zeng)強城(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)內部布局(ju)的合理(li)性，使(shi)不(bu)同功能(neng)區(qu)相互交織、有機組(zu)合，逐(zhu)步實現職住平(ping)衡，提升城(cheng)(cheng)鎮的通(tong)透(tou)性和微循環能(neng)力。運用(yong)大數(shu)據、云計算、區(qu)塊鏈(lian)、人工智能(neng)等(deng)(deng)前沿技術(shu)，推(tui)(tui)進(jin)新型(xing)智慧城(cheng)(cheng)鎮建設，實現“科(ke)技讓生(sheng)活(huo)更美好(hao)”。

   科(ke)技(ji)創新是城(cheng)鎮生(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)(jing)建設(she)的有力支撐。習(xi)近平總書記強(qiang)調，“生(sheng)態文明發展面臨(lin)日益嚴(yan)峻的環(huan)境(jing)(jing)污(wu)(wu)染，需要(yao)依靠更多(duo)更好的科(ke)技(ji)創新建設(she)天(tian)藍、地(di)綠、水清的美麗中國”。當前我國生(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)(jing)質量穩中向好的基礎(chu)還(huan)不(bu)牢固，需要(yao)加強(qiang)科(ke)技(ji)支撐，推進綠色低(di)(di)碳科(ke)技(ji)自立(li)自強(qiang)，把應(ying)對氣候變化、新污(wu)(wu)染物治理等作(zuo)為(wei)國家基礎(chu)研究和(he)科(ke)技(ji)創新重點領域，狠抓關鍵核心技(ji)術攻關。推動城(cheng)鎮能(neng)源清潔低(di)(di)碳安全高效利用(yong)，緊抓能(neng)源結構轉型(xing)這個降(jiang)碳的“牛鼻(bi)子”，有序引導以電(dian)代煤、以氣代煤，鼓(gu)勵建設(she)超低(di)(di)能(neng)耗和(he)近零能(neng)耗城(cheng)鎮建筑，持續降(jiang)低(di)(di)碳排放(fang)強(qiang)度，協同推進降(jiang)碳、減污(wu)(wu)、擴(kuo)綠、增長。

  4.完善政策體系，推動城鎮空間發展實現升級

   形成城(cheng)鎮綠色空(kong)(kong)間(jian)格(ge)局(ju)。有效(xiao)發揮政(zheng)策引導作用，以優(you)化(hua)區(qu)(qu)域(yu)分工和產業(ye)布局(ju)為重(zhong)點、以資源(yuan)要素空(kong)(kong)間(jian)統籌規劃利用為主(zhu)線(xian)、以構建(jian)長(chang)效(xiao)體(ti)制(zhi)機(ji)制(zhi)為抓手，優(you)化(hua)城(cheng)鎮空(kong)(kong)間(jian)格(ge)局(ju)和發展(zhan)格(ge)局(ju)。結(jie)合(he)《中(zhong)共中(zhong)央國(guo)務院關于建(jian)立(li)國(guo)土空(kong)(kong)間(jian)規劃體(ti)系并監督(du)實施的若干意見》《主(zhu)體(ti)功能區(qu)(qu)優(you)化(hua)完善(shan)技術指南》等文(wen)件精神，統籌考慮區(qu)(qu)域(yu)空(kong)(kong)間(jian)結(jie)構，提高(gao)國(guo)土空(kong)(kong)間(jian)利用效(xiao)率，結(jie)合(he)化(hua)解產能過剩、環境整治，形成符(fu)合(he)當(dang)地實際、體(ti)現資源(yuan)稟賦、文(wen)化(hua)特色的發展(zhan)空(kong)(kong)間(jian)結(jie)構、規模結(jie)構、產業(ye)結(jie)構。推進(jin)城(cheng)鎮產業(ye)園區(qu)(qu)循環化(hua)改造，促進(jin)工業(ye)、建(jian)筑、交通等領(ling)域(yu)綠色低(di)碳轉型。

   打造(zao)城鎮綠(lv)色(se)生(sheng)活模式。習近平(ping)總書(shu)記強調，“努力把城市(shi)建設成為(wei)人(ren)與人(ren)、人(ren)與自(zi)然和(he)(he)諧共處的(de)美(mei)麗家園(yuan)”。推進(jin)以綠(lv)色(se)低(di)(di)(di)碳、環境優美(mei)、生(sheng)態宜居、安全(quan)健(jian)康(kang)、智慧(hui)高(gao)(gao)效為(wei)導(dao)向的(de)美(mei)麗城市(shi)建設，錨定碳達峰碳中和(he)(he)目標，推動(dong)能(neng)源清(qing)潔低(di)(di)(di)碳安全(quan)高(gao)(gao)效利用，發展屋頂光(guang)伏等(deng)分布式能(neng)源，因地(di)制宜推廣熱電(dian)聯產、余熱供暖、熱泵等(deng)多種清(qing)潔供暖方(fang)式，推行(xing)(xing)合同能(neng)源管(guan)理(li)(li)等(deng)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)管(guan)理(li)(li)模式。推動(dong)形成倡導(dao)簡(jian)約(yue)適度、綠(lv)色(se)低(di)(di)(di)碳、文(wen)明(ming)(ming)健(jian)康(kang)的(de)生(sheng)活理(li)(li)念和(he)(he)消費方(fang)式。加強宣傳引導(dao)和(he)(he)文(wen)化建設，廣泛動(dong)員園(yuan)區、企業、社區、學校(xiao)、家庭和(he)(he)個人(ren)積極行(xing)(xing)動(dong)起來，讓(rang)綠(lv)色(se)出行(xing)(xing)、節(jie)(jie)(jie)水節(jie)(jie)(jie)電(dian)、“光(guang)盤行(xing)(xing)動(dong)”、垃圾(ji)分類等(deng)成為(wei)習慣，形成人(ren)人(ren)、事(shi)事(shi)、時(shi)時(shi)、處處崇尚生(sheng)態文(wen)明(ming)(ming)的(de)社會氛圍。

   建設城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮人與自(zi)然和諧(xie)共生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)文明。把好山好水(shui)好風光融入(ru)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市，使城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市內部水(shui)系(xi)、綠地同(tong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市外圍河湖(hu)、森(sen)林、耕地形成完整的生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)網絡。鞏固提升城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)建設，完善城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境保護(hu)(hu)相關標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)規范。制(zhi)定城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統(tong)監(jian)測(ce)、城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)修復、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)承載(zai)力評(ping)(ping)估、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物多樣(yang)性保護(hu)(hu)、減污降碳協同(tong)等相關領(ling)域標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，持(chi)之以恒打好污染防治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)攻堅戰(zhan)。因地制(zhi)宜(yi)建設城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮綠色廊道，打造街心綠地、濕(shi)地和郊野公園，提高城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統(tong)服務功能(neng)和自(zi)維持(chi)能(neng)力。加(jia)強河道、湖(hu)泊等城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市濕(shi)地生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)和水(shui)環境修護(hu)(hu)，加(jia)強城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮飲用水(shui)水(shui)源地保護(hu)(hu)和地下水(shui)超(chao)采綜(zong)合治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)，提高用水(shui)效率。明確城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)效能(neng)評(ping)(ping)估技術標準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)及管理(li)規程，建立現代化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境監(jian)測(ce)體(ti)系(xi)，開展城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鎮生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)理(li)評(ping)(ping)估。

   （作者：魯明川，系浙大城市學院教授、浙江省習近平新時代中國特色社會主義思想研究中心特約研究員）