新華社北京(jing)10月5日電(dian) 《中共中央關于進(jin)一步全(quan)面深化(hua)改(gai)革、推進(jin)中國(guo)式(shi)現代化(hua)的(de)決定》提出(chu)：“深化(hua)審判權(quan)(quan)和(he)執行權(quan)(quan)分(fen)離改(gai)革，健全(quan)國(guo)家執行體制”。這是完善我國(guo)司(si)法管理體制和(he)司(si)法權(quan)(quan)力(li)運(yun)行機制的(de)重要舉措(cuo)，對從根本上解(jie)決“執行難(nan)”等問(wen)題，更好實(shi)現當事人訴(su)權(quan)(quan)，維護(hu)司(si)法公正、公信(xin)，必將產(chan)生(sheng)重大(da)而(er)深遠的(de)影響(xiang)。
生效(xiao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律文(wen)書(shu)的(de)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)整個司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)程序中的(de)關(guan)鍵一環，事(shi)(shi)關(guan)人民群(qun)眾(zhong)合(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)權益的(de)及時實現，事(shi)(shi)關(guan)經濟社(she)會發展的(de)誠信(xin)基礎，事(shi)(shi)關(guan)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)權威(wei)和(he)(he)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)公(gong)信(xin)力(li)(li)的(de)有效(xiao)提升。近年來，各(ge)級人民法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院會同有關(guan)部(bu)(bu)門，推(tui)進網絡執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)查控系(xi)統建設(she)，健全(quan)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)案件(jian)流(liu)程信(xin)息管理系(xi)統，加強(qiang)失(shi)信(xin)被執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)人信(xin)用監督、警示和(he)(he)懲戒機制建設(she)，執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)工作(zuo)取得(de)長(chang)足進步(bu)，朝著(zhu)(zhu)切實解決“執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)難(nan)(nan)”目標(biao)不斷(duan)邁出(chu)堅實步(bu)伐。但必(bi)須看(kan)到(dao)，仍有一些生效(xiao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律文(wen)書(shu)得(de)不到(dao)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，被人民群(qun)眾(zhong)稱(cheng)為“執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)難(nan)(nan)”，執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)不了的(de)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律文(wen)書(shu)被稱(cheng)為“法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律白條”。“執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)難(nan)(nan)”是(shi)(shi)(shi)長(chang)期困擾人民法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院的(de)突出(chu)問題，也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)人民群(qun)眾(zhong)反映強(qiang)烈、社(she)會各(ge)界(jie)極為關(guan)注的(de)問題。“執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)難(nan)(nan)”主要表(biao)現在查人找物難(nan)(nan)、財產變現難(nan)(nan)、排除非法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)干預難(nan)(nan)、清(qing)理歷史(shi)欠賬難(nan)(nan)，也(ye)有一部(bu)(bu)分案件(jian)被執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)人完全(quan)喪失(shi)履行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能力(li)(li)，存在“執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)不能”的(de)情況。生效(xiao)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律文(wen)書(shu)得(de)不到(dao)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，將嚴(yan)重損害勝訴(su)當事(shi)(shi)人合(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)權益，損害法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律權威(wei)和(he)(he)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)公(gong)信(xin)力(li)(li)，影響黨(dang)和(he)(he)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)形(xing)象(xiang)，影響人民群(qun)眾(zhong)對全(quan)面依法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)國(guo)(guo)的(de)信(xin)心(xin)。“執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)難(nan)(nan)”成因復雜，是(shi)(shi)(shi)各(ge)種社(she)會問題和(he)(he)矛盾疊加、交織的(de)集(ji)中體現。解決“執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)難(nan)(nan)”問題，必(bi)須綜合(he)施策、多措并舉(ju)、系(xi)統治(zhi)理。深化審(shen)判(pan)權和(he)(he)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)權分離改(gai)革(ge)，健全(quan)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)執(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)體制，是(shi)(shi)(shi)立足當前、著(zhu)(zhu)眼長(chang)遠的(de)治(zhi)本之舉(ju)。
第一(yi)，深(shen)化審(shen)(shen)(shen)判(pan)(pan)(pan)權(quan)和(he)執行(xing)(xing)權(quan)分(fen)(fen)離改(gai)(gai)(gai)革，進一(yi)步明確(que)了(le)這一(yi)領(ling)(ling)域司法權(quan)力(li)(li)配置的(de)(de)(de)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革方向(xiang)(xiang)。黨(dang)的(de)(de)(de)十(shi)八屆(jie)四中全會明確(que)提出：“完善司法體制，推動實行(xing)(xing)審(shen)(shen)(shen)判(pan)(pan)(pan)權(quan)和(he)執行(xing)(xing)權(quan)相分(fen)(fen)離的(de)(de)(de)體制改(gai)(gai)(gai)革試(shi)點(dian)(dian)。”各地認真貫(guan)徹落實黨(dang)中央決策部(bu)署，積(ji)極推進審(shen)(shen)(shen)判(pan)(pan)(pan)權(quan)和(he)執行(xing)(xing)權(quan)相分(fen)(fen)離體制改(gai)(gai)(gai)革試(shi)點(dian)(dian)工作(zuo)，取得階段性成效，積(ji)累了(le)寶貴經驗。《決定(ding)》進一(yi)步明確(que)了(le)審(shen)(shen)(shen)判(pan)(pan)(pan)權(quan)與(yu)(yu)執行(xing)(xing)權(quan)分(fen)(fen)離的(de)(de)(de)改(gai)(gai)(gai)革方向(xiang)(xiang)和(he)著力(li)(li)重(zhong)點(dian)(dian)。審(shen)(shen)(shen)判(pan)(pan)(pan)權(quan)與(yu)(yu)執行(xing)(xing)權(quan)分(fen)(fen)離，涉及刑事(shi)、民事(shi)、行(xing)(xing)政審(shen)(shen)(shen)判(pan)(pan)(pan)與(yu)(yu)執行(xing)(xing)領(ling)(ling)域。深(shen)化審(shen)(shen)(shen)判(pan)(pan)(pan)權(quan)和(he)執行(xing)(xing)權(quan)分(fen)(fen)離改(gai)(gai)(gai)革的(de)(de)(de)著力(li)(li)點(dian)(dian)，主要在民事(shi)、行(xing)(xing)政審(shen)(shen)(shen)判(pan)(pan)(pan)與(yu)(yu)執行(xing)(xing)領(ling)(ling)域。
第二，健(jian)(jian)全國(guo)家(jia)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)體制(zhi)(zhi)，是(shi)(shi)深化(hua)司法體制(zhi)(zhi)改革的(de)重(zhong)大任務。司法裁判的(de)主要任務是(shi)(shi)明(ming)確權(quan)利(li)義務，實現定(ding)分(fen)止爭，而執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)工作(zuo)則是(shi)(shi)依(yi)靠國(guo)家(jia)強制(zhi)(zhi)力實現勝訴(su)當事人(ren)合法權(quan)益(yi)，最終化(hua)解矛(mao)(mao)盾，徹底解決(jue)糾紛。執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)過程很可能出(chu)現各方矛(mao)(mao)盾沖突甚至是(shi)(shi)激烈對抗(kang)。健(jian)(jian)全國(guo)家(jia)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)體制(zhi)(zhi)，就是(shi)(shi)堅持以國(guo)家(jia)強制(zhi)(zhi)力為后(hou)盾，在審判權(quan)與(yu)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)權(quan)分(fen)離的(de)基礎上，對現行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)體制(zhi)(zhi)機制(zhi)(zhi)和管(guan)理(li)模式進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)優化(hua)完善，不(bu)斷提高執(zhi)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)質量和效率(lv)。
第三，強化(hua)當事人、檢(jian)察機(ji)關和(he)社(she)會公眾對(dui)執(zhi)行活動(dong)的全程(cheng)(cheng)監督(du)(du)，有助于(yu)(yu)解(jie)決(jue)“執(zhi)行難(nan)”問題。深(shen)化(hua)執(zhi)行公開，將(jiang)執(zhi)行過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)和(he)程(cheng)(cheng)序依法予(yu)以公開，自覺(jue)接受當事人、檢(jian)察機(ji)關和(he)社(she)會公眾監督(du)(du)，對(dui)于(yu)(yu)防止執(zhi)行不規范和(he)執(zhi)行腐(fu)敗、促進(jin)解(jie)決(jue)“執(zhi)行難(nan)”問題至關重(zhong)要(yao)。應發揮當事人、檢(jian)察機(ji)關、社(she)會公眾作用，完善執(zhi)行工(gong)作社(she)會監督(du)(du)制(zhi)度(du)，健全民(min)事執(zhi)行檢(jian)察監督(du)(du)機(ji)制(zhi)，規范監督(du)(du)程(cheng)(cheng)序，確(que)保對(dui)執(zhi)行工(gong)作全程(cheng)(cheng)監督(du)(du)。
