新華社(she)北(bei)京10月6日(ri)電 《中共(gong)中央關于(yu)進一步全面深(shen)化改革、推進中國(guo)式現(xian)代化的決定》提出：“完(wan)善涉及公民人身權(quan)利強(qiang)制(zhi)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)以及查封、扣押(ya)、凍結等(deng)強(qiang)制(zhi)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)的制(zhi)度”。這(zhe)一重(zhong)(zhong)要改革舉措(cuo)(cuo)，對于(yu)保障(zhang)和(he)規范執(zhi)法(fa)機關實施(shi)強(qiang)制(zhi)措(cuo)(cuo)施(shi)，強(qiang)化對人權(quan)的執(zhi)法(fa)司法(fa)保障(zhang)和(he)對產權(quan)的依法(fa)保護(hu)，具有重(zhong)(zhong)大(da)意義。
第一，完善(shan)涉(she)及公(gong)(gong)民人(ren)(ren)身(shen)權(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)強(qiang)(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)及查(cha)封、扣押、凍(dong)(dong)結等(deng)(deng)(deng)強(qiang)(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度，是(shi)保障公(gong)(gong)民基本(ben)權(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)保護(hu)產(chan)權(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重要(yao)舉(ju)措(cuo)。人(ren)(ren)身(shen)權(quan)(quan)、財產(chan)權(quan)(quan)是(shi)公(gong)(gong)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本(ben)權(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)。我國(guo)憲法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)和(he)(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)規(gui)定(ding)，公(gong)(gong)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)(ren)身(shen)自(zi)由和(he)(he)(he)人(ren)(ren)格(ge)尊嚴(yan)不受侵犯，公(gong)(gong)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)私有(you)財產(chan)不受侵犯。涉(she)及公(gong)(gong)民人(ren)(ren)身(shen)權(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)強(qiang)(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，分為(wei)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)強(qiang)(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)(he)刑(xing)(xing)事(shi)強(qiang)(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)。行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)強(qiang)(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)主要(yao)包括行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)傳喚、行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)拘(ju)(ju)留、強(qiang)(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)隔離戒毒等(deng)(deng)(deng)，刑(xing)(xing)事(shi)強(qiang)(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)主要(yao)包括刑(xing)(xing)事(shi)拘(ju)(ju)留、取保候審、監視居(ju)住、逮捕(bu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)。查(cha)封、扣押、凍(dong)(dong)結等(deng)(deng)(deng)強(qiang)(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，是(shi)執法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)辦案機(ji)關(guan)(guan)依據法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)規(gui)定(ding)和(he)(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)定(ding)程序(xu)(xu)，查(cha)封、扣押與案件(jian)有(you)關(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)財物、文件(jian)、郵(you)件(jian)、電報，凍(dong)(dong)結有(you)關(guan)(guan)存款(kuan)、匯(hui)款(kuan)、債券、股票、基金份(fen)額等(deng)(deng)(deng)財產(chan)。我國(guo)行(xing)(xing)政(zheng)強(qiang)(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)、刑(xing)(xing)事(shi)訴訟法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)等(deng)(deng)(deng)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規(gui)，對涉(she)及公(gong)(gong)民人(ren)(ren)身(shen)權(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)強(qiang)(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)及查(cha)封、扣押、凍(dong)(dong)結等(deng)(deng)(deng)強(qiang)(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實施(shi)(shi)(shi)機(ji)關(guan)(guan)、范圍(wei)、條件(jian)、程序(xu)(xu)、責(ze)任等(deng)(deng)(deng)，作了(le)明確(que)規(gui)定(ding)。涉(she)及公(gong)(gong)民人(ren)(ren)身(shen)財產(chan)權(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強(qiang)(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，應依法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)依規(gui)實施(shi)(shi)(shi)，并接受審查(cha)監督，以(yi)(yi)保障執法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)辦案機(ji)關(guan)(guan)嚴(yan)格(ge)依法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)履行(xing)(xing)職責(ze)，保護(hu)公(gong)(gong)民、法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)人(ren)(ren)和(he)(he)(he)其他(ta)組織(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)權(quan)(quan)益(yi)，維護(hu)公(gong)(gong)共利(li)(li)益(yi)和(he)(he)(he)社會秩序(xu)(xu)。
第二，完善涉及(ji)(ji)公民人身(shen)權(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)(li)強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)以及(ji)(ji)查(cha)封(feng)、扣押、凍(dong)(dong)結等強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)的制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，既要(yao)(yao)保(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)辦(ban)案(an)(an)順利(li)(li)(li)進行(xing)，又要(yao)(yao)規范執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)辦(ban)案(an)(an)行(xing)為。近年(nian)來，各(ge)級執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)辦(ban)案(an)(an)機(ji)關(guan)(guan)持(chi)續推進執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)規范化建設，不斷(duan)完善對(dui)涉及(ji)(ji)公民人身(shen)財產權(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)(li)強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)的審(shen)核(he)審(shen)批(pi)程(cheng)序和標準，強(qiang)化全流程(cheng)管理(li)和執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)監督，司法(fa)(fa)(fa)機(ji)關(guan)(guan)依法(fa)(fa)(fa)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)審(shen)查(cha)監督，保(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)了執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)辦(ban)案(an)(an)質量。但實(shi)踐(jian)中，濫用涉及(ji)(ji)公民人身(shen)權(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)(li)強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，以及(ji)(ji)超(chao)權(quan)(quan)限(xian)、超(chao)范圍(wei)、超(chao)數(shu)額、超(chao)時限(xian)查(cha)封(feng)、扣押、凍(dong)(dong)結財產，甚至以刑事(shi)案(an)(an)件名義插手民事(shi)糾(jiu)紛、經濟(ji)糾(jiu)紛現象(xiang)，仍(reng)時有發生(sheng)，對(dui)人民群眾的財產權(quan)(quan)益、企(qi)業正常(chang)生(sheng)產經營(ying)活(huo)動(dong)造成不利(li)(li)(li)影(ying)響。完善涉及(ji)(ji)公民人身(shen)權(quan)(quan)利(li)(li)(li)強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)以及(ji)(ji)查(cha)封(feng)、扣押、凍(dong)(dong)結等強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)的制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)，一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面要(yao)(yao)保(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)辦(ban)案(an)(an)機(ji)關(guan)(guan)依法(fa)(fa)(fa)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)止違法(fa)(fa)(fa)行(xing)為、防(fang)止證(zheng)據損(sun)毀、避(bi)免(mian)危害發生(sheng)，防(fang)止犯罪嫌(xian)疑人逃避(bi)偵查(cha)和處分(fen)、轉移涉案(an)(an)財產，嚴厲打擊(ji)違法(fa)(fa)(fa)犯罪行(xing)為；另一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面要(yao)(yao)規范執(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)辦(ban)案(an)(an)機(ji)關(guan)(guan)實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，進一(yi)(yi)步明確強(qiang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)的設定(ding)、實(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)和監督、救濟(ji)，防(fang)止權(quan)(quan)力(li)濫用，保(bao)障(zhang)(zhang)當事(shi)人合(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)權(quan)(quan)益。
第(di)三，堅持(chi)執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)辦(ban)(ban)案(an)(an)機關(guan)(guan)內部(bu)審(shen)(shen)(shen)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)監(jian)(jian)督與司法(fa)(fa)(fa)審(shen)(shen)(shen)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)監(jian)(jian)督相(xiang)結合，完善(shan)事(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)審(shen)(shen)(shen)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、事(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)監(jian)(jian)督、事(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)糾(jiu)正等工作(zuo)機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)權(quan)(quan)的行使(shi)，直接關(guan)(guan)系人民(min)(min)群眾(zhong)的人身(shen)權(quan)(quan)、財(cai)產權(quan)(quan)，必須不斷完善(shan)執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)約監(jian)(jian)督機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，提高執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)公信(xin)力。涉及公民(min)(min)人身(shen)權(quan)(quan)利(li)強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)以及查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)封、扣押、凍結等強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)，都(dou)應在嚴格的監(jian)(jian)督制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)約下實施(shi)(shi)(shi)。要加強內部(bu)審(shen)(shen)(shen)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)監(jian)(jian)督，完善(shan)執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)辦(ban)(ban)案(an)(an)機關(guan)(guan)內部(bu)審(shen)(shen)(shen)批制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度和程序，同時強化(hua)外部(bu)審(shen)(shen)(shen)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)監(jian)(jian)督，逐步將(jiang)有重大影(ying)響的強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)納(na)入司法(fa)(fa)(fa)審(shen)(shen)(shen)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)范圍。完善(shan)事(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)審(shen)(shen)(shen)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)、事(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)監(jian)(jian)督、事(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)糾(jiu)正等工作(zuo)機制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，通過事(shi)(shi)(shi)前(qian)嚴把受理審(shen)(shen)(shen)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)關(guan)(guan)，事(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)實施(shi)(shi)(shi)動態監(jian)(jian)控執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)辦(ban)(ban)案(an)(an)流程，事(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)組織(zhi)評(ping)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)，對執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)辦(ban)(ban)案(an)(an)質效(xiao)進行綜合評(ping)價，及時糾(jiu)正不合法(fa)(fa)(fa)不合規行為(wei)，實現審(shen)(shen)(shen)查(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)(cha)監(jian)(jian)督全覆蓋，提高執(zhi)(zhi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)辦(ban)(ban)案(an)(an)質量和水平(ping)。
